Purposes:

• To identify the position of the artist in various African societies.
• To consider the creative process.
• To evaluate aesthetic principles from African perspectives.

	Different Stages of the Carving Process

         "Jijora" = Mimesis or relative likeness

	Which of these two sculptures would you consider to be an example of "jijora"?  Would you consider these to be actual portraits or idealistic representation of people?
Ife bronze bust		Ife terracotta

          "Odo" = Relative youthfulness

	How does the texture of this object convey the impression of youthfulness?  What are the social qualities associated with youthfulness?
Ife terracotta

     "Pipe" = Completeness

	Why would an artist choose to create a complete figure as opposed to a partial figure?  Can you identify the distinguishing features that convey status on both figures?
Bronze figure of an Oni		Ibeji wooden figure

     "Gigun" = Relative staightness

	Would you consider these figures relatively straight? Do the lines of these figures convey a feeling of balance?
Ibeji wooden figures

           "Wiwulo" = Functionality

	Consider how these shrine sculptures intensify worship?
Wooden figure of Shango		Yoruba shrine sculpture

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This website was created and modified by Cynthia Becker, Bolaji Campbell and Janine Sytsma with Professor Henry Drewal. It was last modified August 31st, 2007.
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